Merge #175

175: document internals r=japaric a=japaric

note that this assumes that RFC #155 has been implemented

[Rendered text](https://japaric.github.io/rtfm5/book/en/internals.html)

Do not merge this before PR #176

Co-authored-by: Jorge Aparicio <jorge@japaric.io>

1 files changed, 74 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/book/en/src/internals/interrupt-configuration.md b/book/en/src/internals/interrupt-configuration.md
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+# Interrupt configuration
+
+Interrupts are core to the operation of RTFM applications. Correctly setting
+interrupt priorities and ensuring they remain fixed at runtime is a requisite
+for the memory safety of the application.
+
+The RTFM framework exposes interrupt priorities as something that is declared at
+compile time. However, this static configuration must be programmed into the
+relevant registers during the initialization of the application. The interrupt
+configuration is done before the `init` function runs.
+
+This example gives you an idea of the code that the RTFM framework runs:
+
+``` rust
+#[rtfm::app(device = ..)]
+const APP: () = {
+    #[init]
+    fn init(c: init::Context) {
+        // .. user code ..
+    }
+
+    #[idle]
+    fn idle(c: idle::Context) -> ! {
+        // .. user code ..
+    }
+
+    #[interrupt(binds = UART0, priority = 2)]
+    fn foo(c: foo::Context) {
+        // .. user code ..
+    }
+};
+```
+
+The framework generates an entry point that looks like this:
+
+``` rust
+// the real entry point of the program
+#[no_mangle]
+unsafe fn main() -> ! {
+    // transforms a logical priority into a hardware / NVIC priority
+    fn logical2hw(priority: u8) -> u8 {
+        // this value comes from the device crate
+        const NVIC_PRIO_BITS: u8 = ..;
+
+        // the NVIC encodes priority in the higher bits of a bit
+        // also a bigger numbers means lower priority
+        ((1 << NVIC_PRIORITY_BITS) - priority) << (8 - NVIC_PRIO_BITS)
+    }
+
+    cortex_m::interrupt::disable();
+
+    let mut core = cortex_m::Peripheral::steal();
+
+    core.NVIC.enable(Interrupt::UART0);
+
+    // value specified by the user
+    let uart0_prio = 2;
+
+    // check at compile time that the specified priority is within the supported range
+    let _ = [(); (1 << NVIC_PRIORITY_BITS) - (uart0_prio as usize)];
+
+    core.NVIC.set_priority(Interrupt::UART0, logical2hw(uart0_prio));
+
+    // call into user code
+    init(/* .. */);
+
+    // ..
+
+    cortex_m::interrupt::enable();
+
+    // call into user code
+    idle(/* .. */)
+}
+```